Key Points
Question How does artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic performance compare to human dermatologists of varying experience for skin cancer detection in realistic clinical settings?
Findings In this diagnostic study of 652 physicians and 3 AI models evaluating 1117 cases, expert dermatologists (>10 years of experience) achieved the highest accuracy (74.2%), considerably outperforming a modern unimodal foundation model (72.2%), which exceeded dermatologists with less than 1 year of experience (59.1%), while the first-generation convolutional neural network underperformed all readers (56.7%).
Meaning Future practice should integrate human-AI collaboration, with AI supporting less experienced clinicians and providing expert triage assistance and help to minimize fatigue-related diagnostic errors.
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